“Fat” is a word with multiple meanings. Despite the differences between body fat and dietary fat, over the years people have simply been told they are both bad. Research has uncovered benefits to eating dietary fats such as polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, found in foods such as salmon, walnuts and avocados. Thus, the strong evidence led to changes in recommendations of dietary fat consumption in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans1. However, consumers’ understanding of the differences between dietary fats and their role have not evolved at the same pace. To understand where the confusion lies, the California Walnut Commission conducted a survey of more than 1,000 American adults to look at their perceptions of fat and knowledge of the different types of dietary fats.